Recirculating sand filters have several advantages over single pass sand filters. They are smaller, minimize or eliminate odors, and are capable of treating higher strength wastes. Perhaps the most significant benefit to a recirculating sand filter is that it is an effective method of nitrogen removal.
How big are these filters? As an example, a three bedroom home (450 gallons of wastewater per day) with a single pass sand filter would require about 360 square feet of surface area. A recirculating sand filter would treat the same amount of wastewater using only 90 square feet of surface area.
Both types of sand filter are built in a watertight container which is usually either concrete or lined with a 30 mil liner. Usually concrete tanks are not large enough for single pass sand filters, but they are sometimes used for recirculating sand filter. Surface water must be diverted away from the filter and the absorption field.
Sand filters require air and maintenance to function properly. To allow access to the sand filter, it is sometimes buried under decorative rock.
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